Objectives

Through this section, you will learn:

• How to get information from poster
• How to get an information diagram

Learn about it!

When you walk on the street, there are various advertisements and announcements you might see. One of them is in the form of a poster. Can you understand the message of those posters well?

You might also have read charts in your books. Can you comprehend the information easily? Well, both the poster and charts contain information. Through this lesson, we will learn how to understand the poster and charts easily. So, you can get and interpret the information properly.

Look at the following picture. In your opinion, what picture is it? What information can you get?

The picture above is the example of a poster. From the poster, we can get some information. The poster informs a seminar named The Mother Earth Seminar. The poster also informs the venue or place (The Aksana Hall), time (29 June 2015), and charge of the seminar (Free). To make it remarkable, a poster is usually supported by jargon and interesting design. To get a better understanding, see the following identification:

By seeing the poster above, we know that the function of a poster is to convey a message or information. The message can be in the form of an announcement or advertisement. Jargon and interesting design is usually involved in a poster to persuade the readers. Moreover, a poster is usually written in the present tense.

Now, look at the following chart. What type of chart is it? What information do you get from the chart?

There are various types of charts. The chart above belongs to a column chart type. The chart informs book preference of Class XII Science 3 the year 2015. The information can be seen in the chart title. From the chart, we can see that most of the students prefer Hunger Games book (12 students). Meanwhile, the Divergent book is less preferable for the students (8 students only).

There are four common types of charts. They are column chart, pie chart, bar chart, and line chart. All of the chart types have similar content –information. The title usually gives information of the topic. Meanwhile, the content of the chart usually gives specific information. Look at the following identification:

By seeing the poster above, we know that the function of a poster is to convey a message or information. The message can be in the form of an announcement or advertisement. Jargon and interesting design are usually involved in a poster to persuade the readers. Moreover, a poster is usually written in the present tense.

Now, look at the following chart. What type of chart is it? What information do you get from the chart?

There are various types of chart. Chart above belongs to a column chart type. The chart informs book preference of Class XII Science 3 year 2015. The information can be seen in the chart title. From the chart, we can see that most of the students prefer Hunger Games book (12 students). Meanwhile, Divergent book is less preferable for the students (8 students only).

There are four common types of chart. They are column chart, pie chart, bar chart, and line chart. All of the chart types have similar content –information. The title usually gives the information of the topic. Meanwhile, the content of the chart usually gives the specific information. Look at the following identification:

Let’s Practice in describing data

Column graph presents figures on the number of International students in australia studying intensive english (ELIcos) courses for the years 2002-2004. these students came from four asian countries (china, korea, taiwan, and hong kong) and one european country, the netherlands.

Here is the organization of describing data

Statement: Netherlands’ students in studying intensive course dropped slightly

Data: ‘Between 2002 and 2003’ ‘From 22 till 18

Comments: ‘a dropp by 18%’ ‘a slight dropp’

Between 2002 and 2003, netherlands’ students in studying intensive course dropped slightly, from 22 till 18. This was a minor decrease by 18%, quite a slight drop.

Here some words variety that you can use in describing data

developing essay relate describing data is frequently tested in some writing task, try to develop it to practice your skill.

Here is the example of Bodyparagraph 5

Netherlands’ students who join elicos in Australia from 2002 till 2004 were 22, 18 and 37. Between 2002 and 2003 Netherlands students dropped slightly from 22 till 18. this was a minor decrease by 18%. Whereas, in 2003 until 2004, they experienced a significant rise from 18 till 37. this was an explosion increase by 105%. So it was in line with the elicos expectation.

Do you understand?

Look at the pie chart below. Then, answer the following questions:

1. What does the chart tell about?
2. What specific information can you get?

                                       

Here is the answer:

1. The chart tells about students’ time preference for learning.
2. From the chart, we can get three specific information (1) 52% of students prefer to learn in the morning (2) 38% of students prefer to learn in the evening (3) 10% of the students prefer to learn in the afternoon. So, we can conclude that most of the students prefer to learn in the morning.

Keypoints

From this lesson, we have learned about the poster and charts. There are some points we need to remember about the poster and charts. The points are in the following table.

Advertisement

Objectives

1. Comprehending advertisement text by identifying its text structure.
2. Writing advertisement by completing the text with appropriate language use.

Learn about it!

We almost see advertisement anywhere, and anytime. However, only a few that sticks in our head. In this lesson, you will learn how to write interesting advertisement that attracts people to buy your products. To start the lesson, let's take a look at the following picture.

The picture above is Quipper School advertisement. The tagline of Quipper School is "Learn anytime, anywhere". The tagline usually describes what or how the product is. From the advertisement above, we can see that Quipper School lets you learn anytime, any where with an internet connection. Thus, we know that Quipper School is an online learning service.
To make an interesting advertisement, there are several things to consider.

1. Structure

In writing an advertisement, the essential information is how we describe the product to the public. Before writing an advertisement for a product, you need to pay attention to:

·         The purpose of the advertisement
Think about the reason why you create the advertisement; is it to sell a product? Is it to persuade people to do something? Or else. After deciding the purpose, it will be easier to create the advertisement.

·         The target of audience
Decide who your target are: kids, teenagers, or adults; men, women or anyone else.
Create an advertisement to appeal to the target audience.
For example, you want to create an advertisement for selling candies and sweets for children. Create a tagline that will attract children such as “Share your candies and make your friendship sweeter".

2. Language Use

The advertisement should be able to persuade people, most of them will use interesting language to show the positive aspects about the products.
To appeal to the readers, an advertisement uses persuasive language. How to make it persuasive? There are several aspects that could help your advertisement sounds more persuasive:

·         Use appealing adjectives.
For example the sweetest crunchiest cookies

·         Use humor or rhetorical question.
For example how can you stop chewing?

·         Play with words (be creative with words to create a memorable slogan)
For example Best quality. Best taste. For those who always want the best.

Do you understand?

Have you noticed how to make a good advertisement? Look at the following example to enhance your understanding.

The purpose of the advertisement above is to sell a product, in this case, coffee. It promotes Besta Coffee as the best coffee. The target of the audience is people of all ages who like to drink coffee. We can see that it uses persuasive language by saying that coffee is the best in everything. It highlights the good and positive things about the product to make the product interesting.

Keypoints

To make a good advertisement, you need to:

• decide the product or service to be presented.
• set the target audience.
• be creative to create your advertisement as good as possible.

Understanding General Characteristics of Poster, Pamphlet, & Banner

Objectives

Responding to meaning in short formal and informal functional texts (banner, poster, pamphlet, etc.) by using variation of written text fluently and accurately in the daily life context

Learn about it!

Nowadays, there are a lot of ways to do a publication. There is a lot of media to spread information. The fastest ones are probably through phone calls, text messages, and the internet. But, how do we spread to those who do not use telecommunication devices? We use paper! Among some kinds of written publications, there are pamphlets, posters, and banner. What are the differences?

Pamphlet

The pamphlet is a kind of information which is written in a piece of paper.Some pamphlets have pictures and some of them do not have. The information on pamphlets can be printed on one side of the paper or on both sides. There is no exact size of a pamphlet. The paper can be folded into two, three or even five. The idea is to make it easy to carry and to give it to people; also people can read it anywhere. Even though it can have many pages, a pamphlet does not like a book. It comes without hardcover or binding. People use pamphlets to spread news, promote an event, or as an advertisement. Here is the example of a pamphlet:

Poster

The poster is a kind of pamphlet, but with a bigger size. It can be written in a fabric or big size paper. A poster should be big so it is easy for people to see. People place posters in strategic places. They are usually stuck on the wall. In a poster, you can see pictures and words although a poster may not contain graphics. Posters' designs are both eye-catching and informative. People use posters for many purposes. They are a tool of advertisers for particularly of events such as musicians and film, or to communicate a message. Here is the example of a poster:

Banner

A banner is a flag or other piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or other messages. If you happen to see a demonstration, the demonstrators usually bring banners. According to the Oxford dictionary, the banner is a long piece of cloth, often stretched between two poles, with a sign written on it, usually carried by people taking part in a march. But, now we can find the banner in many places. On the internet, the banner can be used as advertisements that appear across the top of a web page. The banner can be also in the form of written text. It is usually a slogan to raise people's awareness of the current issue. It can be also about the rule that people should obey. Here is the example of a banner:

Keypoints

Pamphlet, poster, and banner can serve the same purpose. There is no exact rule on how to use three of them. Any information can be spread through these media. However, if there is much information, you can use pamphlet. If you want it easy for people to see, use a poster or banner.

Objectives

Expressing and responding correlative conjunction expression such as either, neither, not only, but also to as well as acceptable daily conversations that use simple structures in various aspects in daily life. The objective of the lesson is: students are able to express and respond to the expression of a correlative conjunction.

LESSON

A conjunction is a word that grammatically connects two words, phrases, or clauses together. The most common examples are words like “and” and “but.”

For example, “I took the subway, and got off at 96th Street.” Or, “I took the subway, but there was a delay.” However, conjunctions can come in many forms with many different functions.

They’re a part of speech that can be broken down into several categories, and we’ll explore each one in-depth with examples.

Conjunctions can primarily be broken down into three categories:

·         Coordinating conjunctions

·         Correlative conjunctions

·         Subordinating conjunctions

Another category of conjunctions is correlative conjunctions and we’ve actually seen a few already, like “either…or” and “neither…nor.” These conjunctions come in pairs and join equal items together.

Correlative conjunctions list:

·         Either…or

·         Whether…or

·         Neither…nor

·         Both…and

·         As…as

·         Not only…but also

·         No sooner…than

·         Hardly…when

EITHER…OR

The correlative conjunction “either…or” is used to join two positive options. For example:

·         We can either go to the movies or stay inside and watch Netflix.

·         The sound was either a firework or a gunshot.

·         Either you stay or I leave.

An a common grammatical mistake that occurs when using the correlative conjunction “neither…or” is subject-verb agreement. When two (or more) items are joined by the word conjunction and serve as the subject of the sentence, the number of the verb (i.e. singular or plural) always follows the last of the options. Multiple singular options do not create a plural noun. For example:

·         Either Crystal or Julia wants to come with us to the festival. (The verb should be “wants,” not “want”)

·         Either Courtney or her friends are coming to pick me up. (The verb “are” follows the second item in the pair of subjects.)

The word “either” can be used by itself, but as a pronoun, not a conjunction. For example:

·         You can ask either of us if you need any help.

·         “Should I get this shirt in blue or white?” “Either looks good on you.”

WHETHER…OR

The conjunction “whether…or” also pairs up two options, but they must be clauses. It’s similar to the subordinating conjunction “if” in that it brings up hypothetical conditions, but in pairs.

·         Whether I drink a lot or a little, my face still gets red.

·         Whether it’s sunny out or raining, we’re still going to see the concert.

A common usage of this correlative conjunction is in the form “whether…or not” or simply “whether or not.” For example:

·         Whether the earrings are cheap or not, I’m still going to buy them.

·         You have to take this class, whether or not you want to.

It’s also acceptable to simply use the word “whether,” which implies the phrase “or not,” by itself. In this case, it becomes a subordinating conjunction instead of a correlative one, which we’ll discuss later on.

·         I don’t care whether a man is rich if I want to date him.

NEITHER…NOR

While “either…or” pairs up two positive options, “neither…nor” pairs up two negative options.

·         The view at the top of the mountain was neither spectacular nor very visible.

·         When it comes to movies, I like neither comedies nor romances.

·         Neither will the workers go off the strike, nor negotiate until they receive higher pay.

Just as “either” can stand by itself as a pronoun, so can “neither.”

·         Neither of the desserts seemed very appealing.

·         Neither of us are working on Thanksgiving.

The word “neither” can also be used as an adverb to indicate that something also does not apply in another case. For example:

·         “I didn’t do very well on the last exam. Me neither.”

·         I never thought that Trump would actually win the election, and neither did my friends.

BOTH…AND

This correlative conjunction is used to join two equal items together.

·         The hurricane was devastating both emotionally and economically.

·         We went to both the service and the reception afterward.

·         I don’t know why, but both Jane and Colin have stopped talking to me.

AS…AS

If you want to compare two things and say that one contains a certain quality to the same extent as the other, you can use the correlative conjunction “as…as.”

·         Anything I put in the refrigerator becomes as cold as ice.

·         Jeremy’s probably as tall as any professional basketball player.

·         Run as far as you can, but don’t feel pressured to keep going.

NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO

This correlative conjunction is similar to “both…and” and emphasizes that two items belong in a pair.

·         Not only did we get lost, but we also ran out of gas with no gas station in sight.

·         Not only is he smart, but he’s also talented.

·         The TV show has not only good actors but also an incredibly written script.

NO SOONER…THAN

The the phrase “no sooner…than” is used to indicate that two events happened simultaneously or in quick succession. For example:

·         No sooner had I left the house than it started to thunder.

·         No sooner had the pastor began to speak than a baby started crying in the back.

HARDLY…WHEN

This phrase is another alternative to “no sooner…than.”

·         Hardly had I stepped out of the kitchen when I started to smell something burning.

·         Hardly had the party started when drinks started spilling on the floor.

 Do You Understand?

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