Objectives

Expressing and responding correlative conjunction expression such as either, neither, not only, but also to as well as acceptable daily conversations that use simple structures in various aspects in daily life. The objective of the lesson is: students are able to express and respond to the expression of a correlative conjunction.

LESSON

A conjunction is a word that grammatically connects two words, phrases, or clauses together. The most common examples are words like “and” and “but.”

For example, “I took the subway, and got off at 96th Street.” Or, “I took the subway, but there was a delay.” However, conjunctions can come in many forms with many different functions.

They’re a part of speech that can be broken down into several categories, and we’ll explore each one in-depth with examples.

Conjunctions can primarily be broken down into three categories:

·         Coordinating conjunctions

·         Correlative conjunctions

·         Subordinating conjunctions

Another category of conjunctions is correlative conjunctions and we’ve actually seen a few already, like “either…or” and “neither…nor.” These conjunctions come in pairs and join equal items together.

Correlative conjunctions list:

·         Either…or

·         Whether…or

·         Neither…nor

·         Both…and

·         As…as

·         Not only…but also

·         No sooner…than

·         Hardly…when

EITHER…OR

The correlative conjunction “either…or” is used to join two positive options. For example:

·         We can either go to the movies or stay inside and watch Netflix.

·         The sound was either a firework or a gunshot.

·         Either you stay or I leave.

An a common grammatical mistake that occurs when using the correlative conjunction “neither…or” is subject-verb agreement. When two (or more) items are joined by the word conjunction and serve as the subject of the sentence, the number of the verb (i.e. singular or plural) always follows the last of the options. Multiple singular options do not create a plural noun. For example:

·         Either Crystal or Julia wants to come with us to the festival. (The verb should be “wants,” not “want”)

·         Either Courtney or her friends are coming to pick me up. (The verb “are” follows the second item in the pair of subjects.)

The word “either” can be used by itself, but as a pronoun, not a conjunction. For example:

·         You can ask either of us if you need any help.

·         “Should I get this shirt in blue or white?” “Either looks good on you.”

WHETHER…OR

The conjunction “whether…or” also pairs up two options, but they must be clauses. It’s similar to the subordinating conjunction “if” in that it brings up hypothetical conditions, but in pairs.

·         Whether I drink a lot or a little, my face still gets red.

·         Whether it’s sunny out or raining, we’re still going to see the concert.

A common usage of this correlative conjunction is in the form “whether…or not” or simply “whether or not.” For example:

·         Whether the earrings are cheap or not, I’m still going to buy them.

·         You have to take this class, whether or not you want to.

It’s also acceptable to simply use the word “whether,” which implies the phrase “or not,” by itself. In this case, it becomes a subordinating conjunction instead of a correlative one, which we’ll discuss later on.

·         I don’t care whether a man is rich if I want to date him.

NEITHER…NOR

While “either…or” pairs up two positive options, “neither…nor” pairs up two negative options.

·         The view at the top of the mountain was neither spectacular nor very visible.

·         When it comes to movies, I like neither comedies nor romances.

·         Neither will the workers go off the strike, nor negotiate until they receive higher pay.

Just as “either” can stand by itself as a pronoun, so can “neither.”

·         Neither of the desserts seemed very appealing.

·         Neither of us are working on Thanksgiving.

The word “neither” can also be used as an adverb to indicate that something also does not apply in another case. For example:

·         “I didn’t do very well on the last exam. Me neither.”

·         I never thought that Trump would actually win the election, and neither did my friends.

BOTH…AND

This correlative conjunction is used to join two equal items together.

·         The hurricane was devastating both emotionally and economically.

·         We went to both the service and the reception afterward.

·         I don’t know why, but both Jane and Colin have stopped talking to me.

AS…AS

If you want to compare two things and say that one contains a certain quality to the same extent as the other, you can use the correlative conjunction “as…as.”

·         Anything I put in the refrigerator becomes as cold as ice.

·         Jeremy’s probably as tall as any professional basketball player.

·         Run as far as you can, but don’t feel pressured to keep going.

NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO

This correlative conjunction is similar to “both…and” and emphasizes that two items belong in a pair.

·         Not only did we get lost, but we also ran out of gas with no gas station in sight.

·         Not only is he smart, but he’s also talented.

·         The TV show has not only good actors but also an incredibly written script.

NO SOONER…THAN

The the phrase “no sooner…than” is used to indicate that two events happened simultaneously or in quick succession. For example:

·         No sooner had I left the house than it started to thunder.

·         No sooner had the pastor began to speak than a baby started crying in the back.

HARDLY…WHEN

This phrase is another alternative to “no sooner…than.”

·         Hardly had I stepped out of the kitchen when I started to smell something burning.

·         Hardly had the party started when drinks started spilling on the floor.

 Do You Understand?

images source: http://bit.ly/30QImCl

Objectives

Expressing and responding to future tense expression such as will and to be going to as well as acceptable daily conversations that use simple structures in various aspects in daily life. The objective of the lesson is: students are able to express and respond the expression of intention.

Lesson

Look at the following picture, What will they do?

From the picture presented, There are a man and a woman. The woman is chopping the tomatoes and the other vegetables. Perhaps, THEY WILL COOK FOR DINNER.

How about this picture?
........
look at the following clip

Debbie	:	Hi, I'm Debbie.
Lily	:	Nice to meet you, Debbie. My name's Lily. Sit down. Would you like some juice?
Debbie	:	Oh, er, yeah...
Lily	:	Excuse me. Mary. Can I have some juice for my guest?
Debbie	:	Thanks.
Lily	:	Now, tell me about yourself.
Debbie	:	Like what? I'm not very interesting really.
Lily	:	Nonsense. What's that bracelet you're wearing? That's pretty.
Debbie	:	This? Do you like it?
Lily	:	Yes. It's lovely. Do you like clothes and fashion?
Debbie	:	Yeah. Lots!
Lily	:	How nice! So do I!
Pete	:	It's interesting talking to old people. But it's hard work.
Debbie	:	I'm going back next week.
Joel	:	What! But you're the one that...
Debbie	:	I know. But Lily's quite cool. When she was younger she was a fashion designer. I think I quite like the Community Award after all!

“To be continue”

Let’s focus on this clip

I'm going back next week.

These is the example of expressing intention (stating intention).

The following are the expression of asking and stating Intention

Based on the above table we can make some expression of intention such as

·         I'm going back next week.

·         I would like to go back next week

·         I will go back next week

·         I am going to go back next week

here are presented the uses of be going to and will.

BE + GOING TO + VERB base	WILL+ VERB base
When we have already decided or we intend to do something in the future we are going to study together	For things that we decide to do now She will finish her work right away
When there are definite signs that something is going to happen Please bring the umbrella, I jut felt a drop and is going to rain soon	When we think or believe something about the future Please bring the umbrella, I is cloudy and will rain
When something is about to happen watch out! The branch is going to fall	To make offer, a promise or a threat I hope you will join the competition

To make clear and fluent, try to practice it a lot, doing a role play would improve your skill, you can practice the below dialogue.

 Be going to and will is used to express the activity that occurred in the future, we call it Simple Future Tense.

Do You Understand?

FUNCTIONS OF THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no 'attitude'.

The simple future is used:

• To predict a future event:
  It will rain tomorrow.
• With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
  I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
• To express willingness:
  I'll do the washing-up.
  He'll carry your bag for you.
• In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
  The baby won't eat his soup.
  I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
  Shall I open the window?
• With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:
  Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or instructions:
  What shall I tell the boss about this money?
• With you, to give orders:
  You will do exactly as I say.
• With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
  Will you come to the dance with me?
  Will you marry me?

Note:In modern English will is preferred to shall. Shall is mainly used with I and we to make an offer or suggestion, or to ask for advice (see examples above). With the other persons (you, he, she, they) shall is only used in literary or poetic situations, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She shall have music wherever she goes."

FORMING THE SIMPLE FUTURE

The simple future tense is composed of two parts: will / shall + the infinitive without to

images source: https://www.educationonline.site/chart-will-going-to/

Keypoints
When stating an Intention we use simple future form, the pattern are

1.    BE + GOING TO + VERB base

2.    WILL + VERB base

We use the following adverbs of time in simple future tense such as

tomorrow

next …

soon

immediately

right away

this afternoon

tonight, etc.