Expressing Criticism

Objectives

Responding meaning to conversation of getting things done and interpersonal accurately by considering various language features and social function in: criticizing.

Learn about it!

Pay attention to the following picture, and read the text about Instagram.

A New Way to Share Experiences

       Do you love photography? Do you love to freeze moment through picture? Do you love sharing your experiences to many people? If you do, you will know the latest social media where you can share your experiences through pictures to everyone. This social media is called Instagram. Many teenagers nowadays know Instagram. You can access Instagram by using your mobile phone. You just need to download the application. By using Instagram, people can take a picture then post it so everyone in the world can see your picture.

       There are several benefits of Instagram. First, Instagram is a useful media for e-commerce. All online sellers can sell their products by posting the pictures of their products on Instagram. Another benefit of Instagram is people can use it as a media to practice their skill in photography. People who have a lot of followers in their Instagram generally have brilliant skills in photography. The most important thing, the use of Instagram is free. Therefore, you do not have to pay some money to take benefits of Instagram.

Language Focus

Pay attention to the following dialogue between these two students.

Student 1: Hey, what are you doing? You keep staring at your mobile phone.
Student 2: I am posting some pictures on my Instagram.
Student 1: What? Instagram? What is that?
Student 2: It is a free social media. Its function is almost the same as other social media, but in Instagram you can only post picture. Here, look at my pictures.
Student 1: Well. Do you get any benefit from uploading pictures on Instagram?
Student 2: Yes of course. First, I can share my experience through pictures to all my friends on Instagram, Besides, I do my business by using Instagram. I sell various women’s dresses. By selling my dresses on Instagram, I do not need to pay for renting place to sell my dresses. That is awesome, isn’t it?
Student 1: Yes it is. But you have to be careful in using the social media. Social media might be disastrous if the users are not careful.
Student 2 : Yes I agree with you. Many kinds of social media can be beneficial for the users, but it can also be disastrous for the users. Posting something on social media means we let everyone knows what we have posted. Therefore, we should be more careful and wise to use all kind of social media. On instagram for example, fortunately this social media provides “private feature” where only limited people who can see your pictures.
Student 1 : That’s great. By the way, thank you for the information.
Student 2 : Anytime.

After reading the dialogue, pay attention to the following expression taken from the dialogue:

1. Social media might be dangerous if the users are not careful.
2. Any kind of social media can be beneficial for the users, it can be also disastrous for the users.
3. We should be more careful and wise to use all kind of social media.

Modals "might, should/should’t, can and could” are used to express disapproval or criticism.

The following are the example of expression of criticism:

1. I have to say that the new songs from your band are disappointing.
2. With all due respect, Ms. Ann, I do not think your idea is applicable.
3. The new English teacher seems, shall we say, a little bit sensitive. She is easily to get angry.
4. They should not be here for doing nothing.

You may also expressing criticism by not using the aforementioned expressions. The most important, when you criticize means you give any evaluation toward someone/something. Here are some examples:

1. The film was totally boring.
2. Your words were really rude.
3. She behaves rudely to you teacher.
4. Ann and Dan were really annoying last night.

Expressing Prediction

Objectives

Learners are able to comprehend the expressions of prediction. 
Learners are able to use the expressions of prediction.

Learn about it!

Two students are having conversation. They are discussing the national examination they will face next week.

Andy : Final examination is coming next week. I am afraid I cannot do it. 
Nanda : Don’t be worried. You will definitely be able to do all the subjects well. I am sure because you have studied every day.

       Based on the mentioned example, Nanda is saying something about what will happen to Andy in the national examination. It means, Nanda is making prediction. Nanda predicts that Andy will be able to do all examination, because Nanda knows that Andy has learned hard every day.

       Pay attention to another example of how to make a prediction in English. The following is a conversation between two boys who are planning to play tennis.

Raka: Wira. Let’s practice tennis tomorrow morning. I want to prepare for the tennis competition that will be held next six months. 
Wira: Well. I also want to practice tennis, but I am afraid we cannot do it tomorrow morning. This morning I watched the news, it is predicted that tomorrow morning will be rain. So, it is better for us to stay at home.

On the text, Wira is saying something that tomorrow will be raining; so it is better for the two of them to stay at home rather than play tennis. Wira is saying that information based on his knowledge after watching news on the television. It means that Wira is making prediction. Wira could predict that they cannot practice tennis since tomorrow will be rain.

From the examples before, the two dialogues contain the expression of making prediction. Making prediction means to say that an action or event will happen in the future especially as a result of knowledge or experience.

The following are other examples of expressions of making prediction:

• I predict Anita will not come to the party.
• We do not think the weather will be nice tomorrow to have a picnic.
• I predict dollars currency will increase next month.
• It is predicted that tomorrow will rain.
• I am sure you can pass tomorrow’s exam.

Keypoints

• Please remember that not all expressions of prediction contain word “predict” as a way to convey prediction.
• The most important point of making prediction is that someone is saying that something will happen. Therefore, the use of word “predict” is unnecessary.

EXPRESSING AND RESPONDING TO EMBARRASSMENT

Objectives

Responding to the meaning in conversation transactional (to get things done) and interpersonal (social) and continued official (sustained) which uses a variety of spoken language accurately, fluently and acceptable in the daily life context which involves speech acts: expressing attitudes towards something, expressing embarrassment.

Learn about it!

In this lesson you will learn about how to express and respond expression of embarrassment in daily life context.

Expressing Embarrassment

Have you ever feel embarrassed?
What is your most embarrassing moment?
Have you ever called a friend and tap his body, then you realize that he is not your friend?
If you were telling something bad about someone then your friend tell you that person was standing right behind you, how would you feel?

Most of you may ever have those experiences. How did you feel at that time? You must feel embarrassed. These situations may be heard so funny, but sometime you will get upset if your friends are laughing at your embarrassing moment, won’t you?

Embarrassment is a feeling being ashamed because of something you have done. It can happen in the past or at the present time. The moment can be so embarrassing so it can make your face is blushing or sweating.

To express embarrassment, you can use the following phrases:

Using exclamatory sentence:

• What a shame!
• How embarrassing…!
• What an embarrassment!

Without exclamatory mark

• Shame on me
• I feel awkward
• I was so ashamed
• I don't feel comfortable
• Tell me it never happened
• It really makes me ashamed

Responding to Embarrassment

To respond this expression, you can use the following phrases, but you should pay attention to its situation:
§
When you feel it heard so funny and you are sure that he or she won’t be mad at you, use these phrases:

• You are so funny
• That’s really funny
• What a funny story!

When you appreciate his feeling, use these phrases:

• Oh, that's bad.
• I know how you feel.
• I'm sorry to hear that.
• You must be very ashamed.
• If I were you I would feel the same.

Do you understand?

To understand how to use expressions and responses of embarrassment, read the following conversations:

Conversation 1

(Situation: Dika attends Dina’s birthday with the wrong clothes)

Dika : Happy birthday, Dina.
Dina : Thank you very much. But, why are you wearing a pink shirt?
Dika : Because it's your party. You like pink color then I bought this shirt just for attending your birthday party.
Dina : Oh, I appreciate your effort. Did you read my invitation card? I still remember that the dress code is white.
Dika : Ah, really? I didn't read the card. So, everybody wears white clothes?
Dina : Of course. You are the only one person who wears pink clothes.
Dika : Oh, my God. I don’t feel comfortable. I have to go home.
Dina : It's okay. You don't need to.

Conversation 2
(Situation: Oki got wet because of got into a river)

Wildan : What's wrong with your clothes?
Oki : It's wet.
Wildan : Yes, I know. I mean what happened to you?
Oki : When I walked home, a dog chase after me. I was shock. I ran then I got into a river. There were a lot of people who saw me. How embarrassing it is!
Wildan: Hahaaa!! That’s so funny.

Conversation 3
(Situation: Soni forgot to bring his wallet)

Soni : What a bad day!
Gian : What's wrong? Did something terrible happen to you?
Soni : I forgot to bring my wallet.
Gian : Oh, that's bad. I will lend you some money.
Soni : Not that. I took “Ojeg” this morning and I couldn't pay it.
Gian : So how you paid it?
Soni : That man was angry then I saw Liza. I asked her to lend me money.
Gian : You mean Liza is the girl who you often mock?
Soni : Yes. I have no choice. It was so embarrassing. I should say sorry to her for what I did.

Keypoints

The underline phrases for each conversation show the expressions of embarrassment. So, there is no rule when we have to use one phrase and another phrase. You can use any phrases which have been mentioned above. But, in responding to expression of embarrassment you should pay attention to its situation. Try to keep your friend’s feeling when you respond to it.

EXPRESSING LOVE, PLEASURE AND RELIEF

Objectives

In this lesson, you will learn about how to say and respond to the expressions of love, pleasure, and relief both formally and informally in daily life context.

Expression of Love

Love is a kind of strong feeling or emotion which is expressed to show that someone cares. It also means happiness. This kind of feeling will show a good or positive attitude. It is not only showed to a special person whom really means for you, but you can also express it to your relatives or friends. People commonly express their love in various ways such as telling it directly, giving a gift or a card, making a poem, singing a song, and writing a letter. However, in this lesson, you will only focus on how to express love in words.

There are several phrases to express love. Yet, when you want to express love you should pay attention to these situations:

People usually express their affection formally through a letter, poem, or song. Here are some phrases you can use:

I love you.
I do love you.
I adore you.
I will always love you.
I think I'm in love with you.
Let me be with you.
You're just adorable.
I’m falling in love with you.

Example:

Because I'm falling in love with you
It's the easiest thing for me to do
Yes, I'm falling in love with you, it's true”
(Song writer: Moore, Gary)

Some people also call their beloved person by using these phrases:

• My dear
• My love
• My darling
• My dearest one

Example:
Conversation
(Situation: Julian expresses his love to his fiance)

Julian: My dear, I have something for you.
Vinie: What is it?
Julian: Just open it.
Vinie: A bar of chocolate. Wow ... thank you darling. I love you.
Julian: You’re welcome, honey.

When falling in love, Sometimes people use exaggerating words to express their feelings as follows:

My heart is in your hands.
I'm absolutely crazy about you.
I cannot stop thinking about you.
My heart can’t stop beating when I see you.

Expression of Relief

In this section, you will learn some expressions to tell or show how relief you are after getting through some awful conditions. When you are in a bad situation because you are facing some problems, you will feel worried, won’t you? However, after solving those problems you will feel relieved.

Relief is a situation where you can end your bad feeling such as pain and worry. This kind of expression felt when something terrible has ended; it is called expressions of relief.

Here are some short phrases you can use to express relief:

Oh, good!
What a relief!
That's a relief!
Oh, marvelous!,
I’m glad it was done.

Example:
(Situation: Tiara is almost late to take the airplane)
Tiara: What time does the airplane take off?
Jovan: It should be on 4.30.
Tiara: Ah, it’s 4.45. I’m late.
Jovan: Don’t worry. The departure is delayed for an hour because of bad weather.
Tiara: What a relief!

Other phrases that are usually used formally can be seen as follows:

Thank my goodness!
Thank goodness you're safe.
I'm glad everything's running well.
Thank God for .... (mention your problem)
It’s a relief to know that .... (mention what you have solved)

Example:

Conversation
(Situation: Arfin has just got an accident, but he is safe)
Dina : What happened to you? Your hand is bleeding.
Arfin: I just got an accident when I was going to school.
Dina : Oh ... poor you.
Arfin: The rider who hit me passed away in that accident, but I’m still alive.
Dina : Thank goodness you're safe.

Conversation
(Situation: Rendi has just passed the exam and it was running well)
Renata: What’s going on? You look so happy.
Rendi: I have just passed the exam. I’m glad everything’s running well.
Renata: That’s good. Congratulations!
Rendi: Thanks.

Expression of Pleasure

Expression of pleasure is an expression to show happiness feeling because of something has happened.

Here are the following phrases you can use:

That’s great.
It is really delightful / I am delighted.
It’s really a great pleasure.
I am pleased.
That’s wonderful.
It’s my pleasure!

(Situation: Rendi has just passed the exam and it was running well)
Renata : What’s going on? You look so happy.
Rendi : I have just passed the exam. I am pleased the result was good.
Renata : That’s great. Congratulations!
Rendi : Thanks.

Key Points

1. Expressions of love is not limited to show affection in the context of a romantic relationship, e.g. between girlfriend-boyfriend or between fiance (a couple that is engaged, usually this shows a stronger commitment before marriage). Expressing love can be said and written to parents, siblings (sisters and brothers) or others that you care. However, you need to be careful in choosing which expressions suit universal love and which one that suit romantic love.
2. Expressing relief and pleasure is only appropriate to say or write (perhaps in short text messaging) when you express it without making others feel down. Sometimes, you feel happy and satisfied but your friends don’t.

Expressing Sadness and Pain

Objectives

Responding to meaning in formal and sustained transactional (to get things done) and intrapersonal (socializing) conversations using oral texts accurately and fluently in daily life context involving: stating position, expressing sadness and pain.

Lesson

Expressing Sadnes and Pain

There are times when we feel sad about things in our life. Sadness is the feeling of being unhappy. It is a normal feeling, because everyone feels sad sometimes. You may feel sad for many reasons. It happens when you lose something important, or when you haven’t achieved your goals. Being ignored, rejected, or disappointed, can also make you feel sad.

Being sad can be painful. If you cannot handle it well, your feeling will get even worse. When you are sad, you can help yourself by telling your problems to others. You can tell it to your family, friends, or teachers. Expressing sadness can heal you feelings and relieve your burdens.

Before we learn about how to express sadness in English, please read the following conversation.

Gian: Hi, friend. How are you doing?
Juna : Well, not good.
Gian: What’s the matter?
Juna : I failed on math exam. I have studied hard I don’t know why I failed. I am so sad.
Gian: I feel you. Maybe you have to relax for a while. Don’t stress yourself out.
Juna : Yes, It will be nice. Thanks for your suggestion.
Gian: Don’t mention it. That’s what friends are for.

To express your sadness, you can use these phrases:

I can’t believe what’s going on.
I am very sad about…
I am so sad.
It makes me so sad.
I can’t hold my tears on it.
I just don’t know what to do.
How sorrowful it is.
Please leave me alone.
I’m feeling blue.

Sadness can also be caused by pain or physical suffering. When you get hurt or feel pain on your body, you may express by saying.

(Ouch!) That hurts!
It’s really painful.
I feel sick.
It really hurts me
The pain hurts me really bad.
It’s killing me!

How to Respond to Sadness and Pain

Objectives

Learning Objective: In this lesson, you will learn about how to respond to sadness and pain.

Lesson

Don't worry, everything is going to be alright.
                                                         (Bob Marley)

Responding to sadness

When you see people around you look so sad, what will you do? When you see your friends crying, will you ask them why or just ignore them?

Sadness is unpleasant or unhappy feeling about something bad that happens in our life. We have good and bad things in our life. When good things happened, we feel happy; so it is normal to feel sad, when bad things happened to us. When we are sad, we want people to care about us. It is why we need to give our attention to anyone who looks sad around us.

When people telling you about their sadness, you can respond in many ways such as giving a hug, cheering them up, asking them to go out or watch, or something else. However, not all people will tell you the reason why they look so sad.

When you see your friends or relatives look so sad, you can show your care by using these phrases:
Are you alright?
What happened?
What’s going on?
What can I do to help?
Would you like to talk about it?
Is there anything I can do for you?

If they are trying to tell you their problem, you may also use the following short phrases to show that you are listening to them:

Oh no!
Oh dear.
What a pity!
Oh, poor you.
I'm sorry to hear that.
That's horrible.
That's too bad.

To show your care, you can motivate and encourage. You can also relieve their burden by showing sympathy, letting them know that you feel what they feel. There are many expressions that is meant to relieve someone’s burden.

Cheer up!
Lighten up!
Take it easy.
It’ll get better soon.
Don’t worry, you’ll be alright.
I can't believe that.
I know how you feel.
I'm sorry to hear that.
I’m really sad to know it.

Example:

Kristoff: Hey Anna, are you alright? Why are you crying?
Anna: It’s nothing.
Kristoff: Really? You can always tell me your problems. You know that.
Anna: It’s about my sister, Elsa. She was angry with me, and she left me alone.
Kristoff: Oh, that’s too bad.
Anna: I’m so sad. She is my only family that I have.
Kristoff: Take it easy, Anna. It will get better soon. You will meet your sister again.
Anna: Thank you, Kristoff.

Responding to pain

Pain is a condition of physical suffering caused by diseases or injury. When something or someone hurts you, you may feel so sad or upset. How do you feel if this condition happens to your friends, relatives or others? Will you feel the same? Actually, it is not about we feel the same or not.

When you care of people around you, you may respond to the pain by using these phrases:

It must be really painful.
That’s really bad.
That’s terrible.
Oh, poor you.
It sounds painful.

To show your care about someone’s pain, you can offer suggestion or help by using these expressions

You should see a doctor.
You need a treatment
Take a medicine.
Take some rest.
Should I take you some medicine?
Should I call the doctor?
What can I do to help?
What’s going on?

Key Points

• In conclusion, responding sadness and pain has different ways.
• Sadness means feeling pain mentally such as unsatisfactory feeling towards something happened in the past, while pain is suffering from physical illness.
• To respond to sadness, you can ask about their problem and cheer them up.
• To respond to pain, you can suggest them to see a doctor or take some medicine when they got injured.

Expressing Surprise, Shock and Disbelief

Objectives

In this lesson, you are going to study about expressions of surprise, shock and disbelief, so that you are able to use the expressions for various purposes in daily activities.

Learn about it!

Life is full of changes and mystery. We hear many kinds of news in our life. Every time, good and bad things can happen around us. When we get good news, of course we will feel happy. However, when the news is bad, we can feel surprised, shocked and sometimes do not belief of what happens.

        When we hear some unexpected news, especially unpleasant ones, how will we respond? In this chapter, you are going to learn about the expressions of surprise, shock and disbelief and how to show your surprises to them. At the end of this topic, you are expected to be able to express surprise, shock and disbelief for various purposes in daily activities contexts.

Expressing Surprise

Feeling surprised about something has two different meanings. A person may feel surprised about something good. For instance, when you get a birthday surprise party, of course you will be surprised in a happy way.

However, feeling surprised can happen to unhappy news. We may be surprised to hear news about accidents, natural disasters, or someone's death. For example, when we hear the news about an earthquake nearby our neighborhood, we might fell surprised and sad.

Look at the examples of expressing surprises below:
• Are you kidding me? How do you know that?
• Are you sure about that?
• Are you serious?

Other ways that can be used in expressing surprises are as follows:
• Are you kidding me?
• Are you sure about that?
• Are you serious?
• You must be joking!
• Wow, what a surprise!
• This is really a surprise for me!
• etc.

In addition to that, if we want to tell someone about some surprising information, we can use the following expressions:
• Guess what! I have the best rank in my school!
• I’ll tell you what! I have a good idea to solve our problem!
• You know what! I’m going to go to Australia next week!

There some more expressions to tell someone about surprising information.
• Guess what!
• I’ll tell you what!
• You know what!
• I’ll tell you something!
• Surprise!
• You won’t believe it!
• Believe it or not!

Expressing Shock

The feeling of shocked is much stronger than surprised. When we feel surprised, it can mean both positive and negative. However, a shocking feeling is often related to something unpleasant, bad or sad.

Look and learn the following examples below:
• I’m shocked to hear that. I really don’t know about the news.
• I’m really speechless to know that. As I know, he is a good boy.

There are some expressions that can be used in giving expressing shock:
• I’m shocked to hear that
• I’m in complete shocked
• I’m really speechless to know that.
• I have nothing to say about this.
• I can’t say anything.
• I have no words ….
• Etc.

Expressing Disbelief

Picture the following situation:

You got a text message informing that one of your classmates is in an intensive care unit of a hospital, and his condition is critical. The message also informs that he has injured himself badly in a single motor accident. As far as you know, he cannot ride a motorcycle. You couldn’t believe that he could get injured by riding a motor.

      The above situation is just an example of a condition where you may wonder whether an information is correct or incorrect. There is a contradiction here, between what you know and the information you get. This raises the feeling of disbelief. It means, you do not believe what you hear.

Learn the following examples. These are the expressions of disbelief that you can say based on the above situation:

• I don’t believe it. He can’t even ride a motorcycle.
• It’s so unbelievable. I know him very well.

Besides that, the following expressions are possible to use in expressing our disbelief to someone or something:
• I don’t believe it!
• It’s so unbelievable!
• I can’t believe it!
• How come?
• How could it be?
• Etc.

Do you understand?

Read the following dialogue. You will learn how to put the expressions above in the real conversation.

Bon: Hello, Arif! You know what! Our school will be on air tonight.

Arif: Really? Are you serious? How do you know that?

Boni: I’m telling the truth. Mr. Karno told us yesterday. You can ask him by yourself.
Arif: Ok, I’m really curious. What time will it start?

Boni: At 9 p.m. But I forget the channel. I’ll text you later. Make sure you watch it, Ok! Please tell others too.

Arif: I’m waiting. I’ll stay tune on the channel tonight.

Keypoints

• When we are going to express surprise, shock and disbelief, we can use the proper expressions based on whether the news is good or bad and how intense it is.
• Surprise may have both positive and negative meanings and the expressions to tell surprises will depend on the news (good or bad).
• Shock is usually something sudden, unexpected, and unpleasant.
  Disbelief relates to a contradictory condition that makes you wonder whether the news is true or not.