OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
after learning this unit, you should

• Able to understand how to ask opinion and gives opinions
• Able to create a poster

LEAR ABOUT IT
Welcome to study English. In this series, we are going to study ho to ask opinion and gives an opinion to others. By study this, we will practice speaking skills such as pronunciation, sentence rhythm and developing ideas.

Let's look someone talks about bullying

What do you think about a 13-year-old girl named Kiki who barely stopped schooling because her classmates used to make fun of her relentlessly? We believe that her classmates must not intimidate her even though her father is a street vendor. In another case, 15-year-old Dinda could not make such intimidation anymore. She becomes depressed, left school and stayed at home because she was constantly teased by her classmate for failing in junior high school.

In another case, many senior students of junior high school took seven junior students and subjected them to violent beatings. Sherry, one of the junior student, was rushed to hospital with bruises on his abdomen. He extremely scared to go to school. Julie, a 10-year student, fifth-grade student, states that her first two years of elementary school were a traumatic experience. She sadly remembers being cruelly bullied by her male classmates because she was overweighed. They used to call Sumatran elephant, baboon, gentong, and many other names. We all agree that they should not bully or intimidate their friends whoever he/she is.

These are few cases out of hundreds of similar cases and the number is increasing over some time. In Indonesia bullying exists in every form, from teasing to extreme abuse. Even though incidents of bullying are common, unfortunately, it is not seen as a major problem. A recent survey conducted by the National Child Protection Commission has shown that more than half of bullying incidents go unreported due to to the fact that it is considered normal in some societies. Also, people who get bullied are either unwilling to report it because they feel it will 'make a big deal'. Or worse, they are so scared that they didn't

Let's focus on this sentence
What do you think about a 13-year-old student girl named Kiki who barely stopped schooling because her classmates used to make fun of her relentlessly?
This sentence is used to ask someone opinion.

To state one's view we can use this sentence
We believe that her classmates must not intimidate her even though her father is a street vendor.
As far as I'm concerned, children should not be living in constant fear.

For academic writing we avoid in using words I. We can use expressing people's general opinion or view such as
It is thought that children are not living in constant fear.
Below will be listed some expression to ask for and state one's opinion/view.
ASKING FOR ONE'S OPINION/VIEW

• what do you think about ...?
• What is your opinion about...?
• What do you mean?
• What would you say about that?

STATING ONE'S POINT/VIEW

• In my experience, ...
• As far as I am concerned, ...
• Speaking for my self, ...
• In my opinion,...
• Personally, I think ...
• I'd say that ...
• I'd suggest that ...
• I'd like to point out that ...
• I believe that ...
• What I mean is ...

EXPRESSING PEOPLE'S GENERAL OPINION/VIEW

• It is thought that ...
• Some people say that ...
• It is believed that ...
• It is considered that ...
• It is generally accepted that ...

LET'S PLAY GAME 'CLICK HERE'

Class Project: English Debate

Objectives

Through this section you will learn the basic thing of parliamentary English debate and able to perform debating relate today's issue.

Learn about it!

Listen to the following recording:

In Indonesia, there are many debate competitions held for senior high school students. The debate is called parliamentary debate. There are three forms of parliamentary debate: Asian parliamentary, Australian parliamentary and British parliamentary debate. In this session, we are going to focus on the most commonly used form in Indonesia; Asian parliamentary debate. Unlike the debate that we have just listened, parliamentary debate has some rules.

1. The topic that’s going to be debated is called motion.
2. There will be two teams in a debate: government/affirmative team (supporting the motion) and opposition/negative team (opposing the motion).
3. Each team consists of three speakers. There are first, second, and third speakers. There is also a reply speaker whose roles can be taken by the first or second speaker.
4. The first/second/third speaker has seven minutes to deliver their speech, while a reply speaker has four minutes. Additional 20 seconds are given if speakers cannot finish their speech in the given time.
5. The turn in the debate is: First speaker of government team > first speaker of opposition team > second speaker of government team > second speaker of opposition team > third speaker of government team > third speaker of opposition team > reply speaker of opposition team > reply speaker of government team. Note that the one giving reply speech firstly is the opposition team.
6. Interruption or Point of Information (POI) can be asked to the speaker delivering speech in minute 01-06. The time to give POI is only 15 seconds.
7. Content of the arguments, structures (delivery and strategy), and manner are what counts to win the debate.

To get better understanding of how a parliamentary debate runs. Let’s listen to the example of a debate. The motion of the debate is “This House Would Criminalize Parents whose Children Commit Crime”. The phrase ‘this house’ means the government. Due to the limited time, only some speakers are selected and the speech is not delivered completely.

Listen to the following recording.

Supporting arguments

Opposing arguments

Adjudicator

If you listen carefully, you will find that each speaker has their own role. Now, let’s learn about the role of each speaker.

• The roles of the first speaker of the government team are setting the debate (in terms of scope, settings, stakeholders and definition), giving the background of the debate, and delivering the supporting argument.
• The roles of the first speaker of the opposition team are giving rebuttals (responses/negations) to the first speaker’s arguments and giving arguments from the negative views.
• The roles of the second speaker of the government/opposition team are similar to the roles of the first speaker of opposition team. They should give rebuttals toward the previous speaker’s arguments and extend the debate by bringing new arguments or supporting the arguments of their previous speakers.
• The roles of the third speaker of the government/opposition team are giving rebuttals toward all previous speakers’ arguments and sum-up the debate. The third speakers should wrap the main arguments, compare them, and then show adjudicators why they deserve the upper hand.
• The roles of the reply speakers of both teams generally are similar to the role of the third speaker. However, a reply speaker is not allowed to give new responses or rebuttals.

MOTION OF DEBATING
1. The house believes that technology would replace the conventional teacher.
2. The house believes that full-days school would improve the quality of education in Indonesia.
3. The house believes that UAE's economy would collapse without supported by Abu Dhabi oil reserves.

Let look with this example

The presence of technology in the classroom has become more and more apparent and offers students tremendous resources with which to supplement their education. Given time, technology will completely replace the conventional teachers in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

THE SCHEME OF DEBATING

THE FIRST SPEAKER OF GOVERNMENT TEAM

Today, technology has become more and more apparent and offers the students tremendous resources in the teaching-learning process. We can find a lot of information by using technology such as computerize in education which supported by the internet. It is agreed that technology will replace conventional teachers. It is proven by students could study any kind of lesson without teachers. As an example, there some universities like XXXX University offer a long-distance class for their students. The qualities are as good as conventional ones. By this reason, It is clear that why we support this motion.

THE FIRST SPEAKER  OF OPPOSITION TEAM

I oppose the statement which said students could study any kind of lesson without teachers. It would be impossible for technology in accommodating all different learning style of students. Teachers accommodate this by some technique in teaching. They can replace their approaching or technique in teaching when the students feel difficulties in understanding the topic given. As an example, when students are having trouble in memorizing the irregular verb in English, the teacher can use the game strategy in teaching or the other fun technique. Computerize cannot paraphrase the topic given or changing the approach and the technique in learning the topic of the classroom. Technology cannot replace conventional teachers in teaching and learning.

THE SECOND SPEAKER OF GOVERNMENT TEAM
E-learning offers the students tremendous fun media for many of different style of learning whether auditory, visual, or kinesthetic. You can find this media through Youtube, Learning Management System, Searching engine . It is such a fascinating learning experience that encourage students to study more. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

SECOND SPEAKER  OF OPPOSITION TEAM

Learning not only for fun and transfer knowledge but also for teaching-learning process is for bold attitude and moral value. Teachers in teaching not only transfer knowledge and train the students' skill but also improve students’ attitude such as discipline and moral value. As an example, Teacher could give the reward or punishment to the students. When student made mistake like not making homework, she/he is given punishment to make her/him more discipline. Computerize in education cannot do the reward and punishment approaching in which believed that improve the students quality on their attitude.Technology cannot replace the conventional teachers.

THIRD SPEAKER OF GOVERNMENT TEAM
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THIRD SPEAKER  OF OPPOSITION TEAM

The presence of technology in education is very essential because it can be knowledge resources to fulfill the students need. However, Technology in the form of Computerize or others in education cannot replace the existence of the teachers in the classroom. Such the above explanation, teachers can cater the students need and give moral value and discipline but not for the technology. It is recommended that technology and teachers are two aspects that cannot be separated. Teachers use technology as media in teaching and learning to improve students’ quality in education.

REPLAY SPEAKER OF OPPOSITION TEAM
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REPLAY SPEAKER OF GOVERNMENT TEAM
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Expressing Stance (Formally and Informally)

Objectives

Responding to meaning of formal, sustained, transactional (to get things done) conversations and interpersonal (socializing) conversations in fluent and accurate manners, using varieties of simple oral texts in different daily life contexts, involving expression of stance.

Learn about it!

        You spend a lot of time at school. Do you ever have arguments with your friends? Have you ever discussed about your school with your friends? What are the good things about your school? And what are the things that need improvement? When thinking about your school and its facilities, you have opinions. You want others know your opinion.

       Sharing opinions in daily life can be about many things. When you watch television, listen to radio broadcast, read newspaper, or reading profile status on social media, etc. Expressing opinion involves a thinking process.

       A way of thinking about something is called stance. Expressing stance means you give an opinion or letting other people know your position about specific issues, by saying what you think, feel or believe. Take for an example, sharing opinions about the condition in your city. It can be about the traffic jam, a new open wi-fi facility in town, events at public libraries, etc. Your position can be supporting something, critical about something, or neutral.

       In this topic, you will learn how to express stance or how to show where you stand (your opinion) on some issues, whether you are for (support) it, against it or do not take sides. Before you start, please read the following conversation.

Do you understand?

Conversation 1

Danang : Day by day the traffic jam is getting worse.
Dimas : I believe it is because there are too many private vehicles on the main street.
Danang : Do you think people should stop using private vehicles and start taking public transportation?
Dimas : In my point of view, if people move to public transportation, the traffic will not be this bad.
Danang : Well, it seems to me that people use private vehicles because the public transportation is not comfortable.
Dimas : In my experience not all of public transporations are uncomfortable. Besides, it is cheaper.
Danang : Yes. You are right about that.

The conversation above shows how to express stance formally. When discussing a serious matter in formal settings, we tend to use formal phrase, such as in a debate, presentation or speech. The formal phrases you can use in this situation are:

I (personally) think ….
I feel that ….
I (strongly) believe (that) ….
In my opinion ….
In my experience ….
As far as I'm concerned ….
It seems to me that ….
In my (point of) view ….
To my mind ….
To be honest with you ….

Conversation 2

Alia : What did you think of the Twilight movie?
Petra: I hated it.
Alia : Really? I loved it.
Petra: I think the movie is boring. The love story is just too much.
Alia : I guess it’s because you are a boy, and boys don’t like romantic movies.
Petra: Maybe. I like the music, though. In my opinion, the only good thing about the movie is the music.
Alia : Yeah. I feel that the music is really good.

The second conversation shows more casual way of expressing stance. Casual style is usually used when you discuss light issue between friends. For example, when your friend asks for your opinion about movies, music, sports, or fashion; the informal phrases you can use in these situations are:

I think ….
I feel that ….
If you ask me ….
I guess ….
You know what I think? (I think) ….

Keypoints

• You don’t always have to use casual phrases in informal conversations.
• Sometimes you can use formal phrases in your conversation between friends, to show you are very serious with what you say.
• The most important thing is to express what you have in mind without offending others.
• You can be strong in the position of your opinions but remain polite and not offensive

Objectives

• Learners are able to understand the expressions of giving advice using ‘should’
• Learners are able to use expressions of giving advice using ‘should’

Learn about it!

Look at the picture below!

we see some books in the picture, the boy looks tired and seems unwell. Perhaps, He studied hard last night or getting an exam the next day. What should he do?
He should take a rest or stop studying.

What should they do?

Pay attention to the following dialogue.

Now pay attention to the underlined sentences. Those sentences were used by Wina to advise Tony that if Tony went through Diponegoro street, he would get trapped in the traffic jam due to the landslide happening in Diponegoro street. You can use the following expression if you want to give advice to someone.

Now, pay attention to the underlined sentences:

• Make sure we dispose the garbage in the proper places.
• Do not throw your garbage in the wrong place.

Those two sentences were used by the teacher to warn the students not to do something. The sentences are called warnings. A warning means giving information about something bad that may happen if someone does something.

The reason for giving warnings is the people who give warning wants the person become more careful. On the text, the teacher warns the students not to throw the garbage in the wrong place because the improper garbage disposal will cause flood.

The following are utterances generally used to give warning:

• Be careful of ....
• Don’t ....
• Beware!
• Beware of ....
• Look out!
• Watch out!
• Watch out for ....
• Make sure + subject + verb ....

SHOULD

Should is a modal verb.

With modals verbs, there is only one form of it for every subject pronoun:

·         I should

·         You should

·         He should

·         She should

·         It should

·         We should

·         They should

There is never an S at the end of should:

·         He shoulds study. (NOT CORRECT)

·         He should study. (CORRECT)

After Should we have the base form of the infinitive (= verb without ‘To’ e.g. Go instead of To Go)

Should + Verb (base form of infinitive)

·         You should go now. (Correct)

·         You should to go now. (NOT correct)

·         He should wait. (Correct)

·         He should waits. (NOT correct)

Example sentences with Should:

·         I should eat more vegetables.

·         You should take an umbrella.

·         He should go to the doctor.

·         She should apply for the job.

·         It should be fine.

·         We should study more.

·         They should wait until tomorrow.

One other thing, we do not pronounce the L in the word should. (Listen to the pronunciation of should in our video)

When do we use SHOULD in English?

1. To give advice, a recommendation or a suggestion

This is to say that it is the right thing to do or the correct thing.

·         You should see the new Star Wars movie. It’s great!

·         He should go to the dentist if his tooth still hurts.

·         The test is next week. We should study for it now.

·         You should try that new restaurant on Main Street.

2. To express that a situation is likely in the present or in the future. This is a type of expectation or prediction.

·         Mary should be at home now. Give her a call.

·         He should have the letter now. I sent it last week.

·         Our team should win the game on Saturday. (Because we have been training all month so it is our expectation, or prediction that we will win.)

·         It should be sunny tomorrow. 

3. Expresses an obligation that is not as strong as Must.

Sometimes Should is used instead of Must to make rules, orders or instructions sound more polite.

This may appear more frequently on formal notices or on information sheets.

·         Applications should be sent before the 30th.

·         He should drive more carefully.

·         Everyone should wear a seatbelt in a car.

·         You should pay more attention in class.

All of the above example sentences can have must instead of should making the obligation stronger and less polite.

For example: Applications must be sent before the 30^th.

4. Something was expected in the past but it didn’t happen (should + have + past participle)

This expresses the idea that the subject did not fulfill their obligation in the past or did not act responsibly.

·         Anna is late. She should have arrived by now.

·         I should have called Fred this morning but I forgot.

·         You should have given your boss the report yesterday when he asked for it.

5. Not fulfilling an obligation (should + be + verb-ing)

This expresses the idea that someone is not fulfilling their obligation or is not acting sensibly right now.

·         You should be wearing your seatbelt. (The person isn’t wearing one right now)

·         We should be studying for the exam. (We are not studying right now and we should be studying)

6. Sometimes should is replaced by ought to without a change in meaning. Note that ought to sounds more formal and is used less frequently.

·         You ought to go home now. (= You should go home now)

·         She ought to take her dog for more walks. (= She should take her dog…)

·         They ought to stop doing that. (= They should stop doing that)

Shouldn’t

The negative of should is shouldn’t or should not.
We almost always use the contraction shouldn’t in spoken English.

We use shouldn’t to advise not to do something, usually because it is bad or the wrong thing to do.

·         You shouldn’t eat that dessert if you are sick.

This is my recommendation not to do something, not to eat that dessert.

·         She shouldn’t buy that dress, it’s too big for her.

·         You look tired. You shouldn’t work so much.

·         He shouldn’t talk to his boss like that.

Notice how all of these sentences are about a recommendation or advice NOT to do something.

Think + should

We do not use: I think + shouldn’t.
We use: I DON’T think + should.

·         I think you shouldn’t go there. (NOT correct)

This is NOT correct because we don’t have the negative shouldn’t after I think.

Instead we make the verb THINK negative and say:

·         I don’t think you should go there. (Correct)

A couple more examples:

·         I don’t think he should eat that.

·         I don’t think we should start yet.

Should in Questions

We use should in questions when we want advice, a recommendation, or a suggestion.

Let’s look at this affirmative sentence:

·         I should go now.

How can we change this to a question?
We change the order of the modal verb should with the subject.
So the question becomes:

·         Should I go now?

A couple more examples…

·         Should I wear the green shirt? (I am asking for your advice or recommendation)

We can also have the W words like What, When, Why, etc. before the modal verb.

·         What should we do now? (What do you suggest?)

SHOULD Summary Chart