Giving Examples

Giving Examples

Objective of Study

students are expected able to make and use the expression in giving examples in spoken or written ways.

 Learn About It.

 Phrases/Words to Introduce Examples

Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa frase atau kata yang dapat kita gunakan untuk mengawali contoh-contoh yang akan kita berikan, misalnya :

FOR EXAMPLE dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya ‘contohnya....’ . Setelah frase example berikan beberapa contoh yang sesuai. Jika ‘for example’ berada di awal kalimat, beri tanda koma (,) setelahnya. Jika ‘for example’ ini kita pakai di tengah kalimat, letakkan koma (,) di depan dan belakangnya.

Contoh :

• At first, Henry Ford was not very satisfied with his automobile innovation. For example, the car did not look impresive and were not provided with a brake system, as well as they were still expensive.
• English was also spoken by the UK ex-occupied countries, for example, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Saat frase ‘For example’ digunakan di awal kalimat, itu artinya kita akan mencoba memberi contoh dengan kalimat yang lebih lengkap, tidak hanya berupa daftar beberapa items saja.

Ketika frase dipakai di tengah kalimat, frase tersebut diikuti daftar beberapa items sebagai contoh. Perhatikan contoh kedua diatas : The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand  - itu hanya berupa daftar contoh negara bekas jajahan UK, berupa daftar saja bukan berupa kalimat lengkap.

FOE INSTANCE Penggunaannya sama dengan frase ‘for example’.
Contoh :

• There are many interesting places to visit in the city. For instance, the botanical garden has numerous displays of plants from all over the world.
• There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for instance, the botanical garden, the central park or the art museum.

SUCH AS Frase ‘such as’ hanya dipakai di tengah kalimat. Beri tanda koma sebelum ‘such as’ dan tidak usah diberi tanda koma sesudahnya.
Contoh:

• I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and T-shirts.
• Some countries, such as Brazil and Canada, are big.

e.g. dan i.g Frase e.g. berasal dari bahasa Latin yaitu ‘exempli gratia’ yang artinya : contohnya. Frase ini digunakan untuk memberi daftar beberapa contoh.
Sedangkan frase i.g. singkatan dari ‘id est’ yang artinya ‘that it’.
Contoh :

• The names of some newspapers are nationally known here in Indonesia, e.g., Kompas, Tempo and Jawa Pos.
• Boys and girls between 13 and 19 years old are fickle, i.e., they are easily influenced by the environments, friends and current trends. 

Bisa juga frase ini diletakkan dalam tanda kurung  (parentheses) contoh :
My bussiness plans involve trips to several cities (e.g., Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon and Calgary)

Do you Understand?

 

Dalam memberi contoh, kita sebaiknya memilih contoh yang sesuai dengan hal yang akan kita jelaskan. Jangan melenceng dari kalimat utamanya. Tapi juga jangan terlalu bertele-tele. Contoh sebaikya secukupnya saja dan mendukung kalimat utamanya.

Coba perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut, perhatikan contoh mana yang tidak sesuai. Nomor satu menjadi contoh:

1. My mom plans to buy some new kitchen utensils, such as knife, steamer,screwdriver and frying pan. We cook  a lot at home during this pandemi outbreak.   The example which is not suitable is : screwdriver. Yess, benar screwdriver itu tidak termasuk peralatan dapur, jadi tidak cocok untuk dijadikan contoh.
2. The famous emperors, for instance, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte and George Washington, are written in most textbook for History subject.
3. By the end of the 5th century, English was spoken not only by peoples of the British Isles, but also the UK ex-occupied countries, for example, the United States, Canada, Thai, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.

Read the short conversation below, then determining the use of various language choice for giving examples in the text.

Joel	:	Hi Pete, What's up?
Pete	:	I'm Ok Joel. How about you?
Joel	:	Pretty well Pete. By the way, some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using phone calls in some places. Others believe that it's inconvenient if phone calls are forbidden in some places. Which opinion do you prefer?
Pete	:	In my view people must be free to use their phones everywhere for a few reasons: First, there may be an emergency: For example two weeks ago a car accident happened in a remote area around Tehran, so my a friend called for help, but nobody answered his calls, and unfortunately the driver died. That’s why I feel that way.
Joel	:	I see, then …
Pete	:	Second, it may be an opportunity: For instance, two years ago, when I was in an economics class At the University of Tehran, my cell-phone rang but I didn’t answer, later I noticed it was from a job company and they found a job for me, but because of I didn’t answer at the moment they replaced another person.
Joel	:	It could be understood why you support this
Pete	:	How about you, Joel?
Joel	:	I love my phone always in my pocket, Let's go Pete Before the sun climbs the tree
Pete	:	Ok we have to be in rush

 

Marilah kita analisa percakapan di atas. Percakapan tersebut terdiri dari bagian yang kita namai Opening atau pembukaan, Transakction atau isi percakapan dan Closing penutup.

 

1.      Opening: Hi Pete, What's up? ……….

2.      Transaction:

a.      Asking Question/essay question:  some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using phone calls in some places. Others believe that it's inconvenient if phone calls are forbidden in some places. Which opinion do you prefer?

b.      Giving Opinion

·         Thesis: In my view, people must be free to use their phones everywhere

·         Reason 1: First there may be an emergency

o   Example: For example two weeks ago a car accident happened in a remote area around Tehran, so my friend called for help, but nobody answered his calls, and unfortunately, the driver died.

·      Reason 2: Second, it may be an opportunity

o  Example: For instance, two years ago, when I was in an economics class at the University of Tehran, my cell-phone rang but I didn’t the answer, later I noticed it was from a job company and they found a job for me, but because I didn’t answer at the moment they replaced another person.

 

Here is another example of conversational, can you identify the expression in giving example?

Jass	:	Hi Debie, Have you watched the debate last night?
Debie	:	I did, It was a great debate.
Jass	:	Which of the following statements do you agree with? Some believe that TV programs have a positive influence on modern society. Others, however, think that the influence of TV programs is negative.
Debie	:	In my view TV programs have positive effects on modern societies for a few reasons: First, People get knowledge from TV: For example when I was 6 years old, I had lots of information about the wild animals like leopards and lions, However, I didn’t attend school yet, but I learned the information from TV. So I think we always get lots of knowledge and information from TV.
Jass	:	I see, then …
Debie	:	Second, It is fun: For example, movie makers always try to tell fascinating and pleasurable stories through the movies and they show awesome pictures from all aspects of the world so they make TV programs fun and exciting.  That’s why I feel that way.
Jass	:	It could be understood why you support this
Debie	:	How about you, Jass?
Jass	:	I refute this For some reasons, I will tell you after the break
Debie	:	See you then

Key Points